Even when the load mass and towing weights comply with the law it is not to be assumed that the trailer is loaded correctly for safe towing!
• The driver must ensure that the load inside the trailer is balanced properly. Unbalanced loads can cause problems like trailer sway on the road.
• Ensure that the centre of gravity (CG) is towards the front of the trailer, usually around 10 – 20cm ahead of the axle.
• Downward force at the point of attachment improves the handling characteristics when towing.
• It is best to distribute 60 percent of load over the front half of the trailer (nearest to the towing vehicle).
• Contents must be evenly distributed on both sides of the trailer.
• Once the trailer has been loaded and the weight is distributed properly, all cargo should be secured to prevent the load from shifting.
• Should a part of the load be removed during the journey, you may need to rearrange and re-secure the rest of the load.
• Always keep in mind when securing loads that they try to move forwards when the vehicle brakes, sideways when the vehicle turns, backwards when the vehicle accelerates & upwards when the vehicle goes over bumps.
Avoid overloading
• How much weight can the towing vehicle pull safely? Consult the owner’s manual for guidance.
• What is the Aggregate Trailer Mass for the specific trailer – How much weight can the trailer safely carry? Ensure that mass/ weight specified by the trailer manufacturer is not exceeded.
• How much will the trailer weigh when loaded? This is called the gross trailer weight (GTW).
• All this info should be displayed on your trailer permanently
Roadworthiness:
Roadworthy safety checks:
• Check tyres by looking for cracks or bulges on the sidewalls. Check for minimum tread depth, flat spots, uneven wear, and objects caught in the tread.
• Be even more cautious inspecting the small tyres on light-duty trailers.
• Check trailer brake and light connections.
• Be sure the lights on your trailer work – Have another person stand behind the vehicle to check the brake lights and turn signals for proper operation.
• Check to ensure the tow coupling and brake mechanisms are well lubricated.
• Jack the trailer up and spin the wheels, listening for rumbling noises which indicate worn wheel bearings.
• Ensure that tyres are inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended level.
• Check that wheel-bearings, suspension and brakes are in good working condition.
• Tow bars and tow couplings – Ensure the coupling socket and ball are matching size.
• Coupling must be securely fastened and latched or screwed down when the trailer is connected to the towing vehicle.
• Safety chains must be properly connected with attachments capable of withstanding the specified breaking load of each chain.
• Trailer brakes (Bigger trailers)
• Red rear reflectors
• Rear number plate & number plate lamp visible / not obscured
• Direction indicators
• Temporary lights
• Ensure all doors, hatches, covers and any load or equipment are properly secured.
Preferably with locks
Roadworthiness and towing a trailer safely
The first question before loading and connecting the trailer should be “Is it legal?” The obligation is on the driver to ensure that the trailer is towed in a manner that does not breach road traffic legislation and which makes both the vehicle and the trailer roadworthy. Legislation might not be the same if you are crossing the border – enquire to ensure you comply with the law in the relevant jurisdiction.
Road Traffic Legislation may have stipulates as follows
• A registration certificate / licence disk.
• The speed limit when towing.
• Towing capacity of a specific vehicle.
• Required stopping distances / Brake requirements.
• Height and width / overhang restrictions.
• Flags and warning panels required where there is overhang of the trailer towed.
• Restrictions with regards to specific unique loads carried.
• Requirement of extra mirrors for towing large trailers.
